kinematoscope

in 1861 Coleman sellers made the kinematoscope
a kinematoscope  a series of images in successive stages of actions were mounted on paddle are viewed in slits

the zoetrope

the zoetrope was a invented in 1834 in england by william horner he called it the " daedalum " that means the wheel of the devil it was not popular till 1860 s
the pictures were drawn on a strip which could be set around the bottom thrid of a metal drum with slits now cut in the upper section of the drum the drum was placed on a spindle so the drum will spin around. the faster the drum spand the smoother the images are produced

www.exeter.ac.uk/bdc/young_bdc/animation/animation4.htm

phenakistoscope

in 1932 belgain phyaicist joseph plateau and his on introduced the phenakistoscope ( the spindle viewer )

flip book

a flip book or a flick book is a book with a series of pictures that gradually from one page tp the next ,so that when the pages are turned rapidly , the pictures appear.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flip_book

praxinoscope

emile reynaud praxinoscopedicorved in 1889 developed the theatre optique an improved version capable of projecting images on a scream from a longer roll of pictures. its narrow viewing slits with an inner cvircle of mirros placed so that the reflections of the pictures appeared in a position as the wheel turned some who is looking in the mirrors woulod see a rapid images in motion.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praxinoscope

phenakistoscope

joseph plateau invented the phenakistoscope the phenakistoscope used a spinning disc attached vertically to handle.arrayed around the disc's center were a seres of drawings a series of drwaings showing the animation equally spaced

thaumatrope

paul roget found the thaumatrope the thaumatrope is a disk or a card with a picture with a picture on each side is attached to two pieces of string when the strings are twirled quickly between the fingers the two pictures appear to combine into a single image due to persistence of vision.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaumatrope